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Portugal 's pharmaceutical and healthcare sector has been transformed since the intervention of the EU, IMF and ECB as part of the country's EUR78bn economic rescue package approved in May 2011 . The latest review states that Portugal has already made considerable savings in the healthcare sectors, with changes such as the introduction of e-prescriptions and prescribing by active ingredients, changes to reference pricing, reductions in pharmacy margins and price cuts just some of the measures in place. The impact on the market has been widespread. Spending has been slashed and both domestic and multinational pharmaceutical firms have seen their profits shr i nk. Data recently published by Infarmed show that Portugal has dropped from hosting 138 clinical trials in 2008 to just 87 in 2011, suggesting the country is losing its appeal as a location for research and development (R&D) . Drug shortages in pharmacies are also commonplace, with a study published by Apifarma in October 2012 suggesting that parallel exports are partly to blame.
Headline Expenditure Projections
Pharmaceuticals: EUR4.47bn (US$6.21bn) in 2011 to EUR4.24bn (US$5.39bn) in 2012; -5.1% in local currency and -13.3% in US dollar terms. Forecast raised slightly from Q 4 12 because of new historical data.
Healthcare: EUR19.59bn (US$27.22bn) in 2011 to EUR20.16bn (US$25.60bn) in 2012; +2.9% in local currency and -6.0% in US dollar terms. Forecast raised from Q 4 12 because of new historical data.
Medical Devices: EUR740mn (US$1.03bn) in 2011 to EUR763mn (US$0.97bn) in 2012; +3.1% in local currency and -5.8% in US dollar terms. Forecast unchanged from Q 4 12.
Competitive Landscape
The competitive landscape section provides comparative company analyses and rankings by US$ sales and % share of total sales - for the total pharmaceutical sector, as well as the OTC, generics, and distribution sub-sectors.